使用外壳¶scrappyshell只是一个普通的python控制台(或者 IPython 控制台,如果你有它的话),它提供一些额外的快捷功能,以方便。 可用快捷方式¶
可用的 Scrapy 对象¶Scrapy shell自动从下载的页面创建一些方便的对象,如 这些对象是:
Shell会话示例¶下面是一个典型的shell会话的示例,我们从https://scray.org页面,然后继续刮https://old.reddit.com/第页。最后,我们修改(Reddit)请求方法,以发布并重新获取它,得到一个错误。我们通过键入Ctrl-D(在Unix系统中)或在Windows中键入Ctrl-Z来结束会话。 请记住,在这里提取的数据在您尝试时可能不相同,因为这些页面不是静态的,在您测试时可能已经更改了。这个例子的唯一目的是让您熟悉下脚料外壳的工作原理。 首先,我们发射炮弹: scrapy shell 'https://scrapy.org' --nolog
注解 当从命令行运行Scrapy shell时,记住总是用引号括住url,否则url包含参数(即 在Windows上,使用双引号: scrapy shell "https://scrapy.org" --nolog
然后,shell获取URL(使用scrapy下载器)并打印可用对象和有用快捷方式的列表(您会注意到这些行都以 [s] Available Scrapy objects:
[s] scrapy scrapy module (contains scrapy.Request, scrapy.Selector, etc)
[s] crawler <scrapy.crawler.Crawler object at 0x7f07395dd690>
[s] item {}
[s] request <GET https://scrapy.org>
[s] response <200 https://scrapy.org/>
[s] settings <scrapy.settings.Settings object at 0x7f07395dd710>
[s] spider <DefaultSpider 'default' at 0x7f0735891690>
[s] Useful shortcuts:
[s] fetch(url[, redirect=True]) Fetch URL and update local objects (by default, redirects are followed)
[s] fetch(req) Fetch a scrapy.Request and update local objects
[s] shelp() Shell help (print this help)
[s] view(response) View response in a browser
>>>
之后,我们可以开始玩对象: >>> response.xpath('//title/text()').get()
'Scrapy | A Fast and Powerful Scraping and Web Crawling Framework'
>>> fetch("https://old.reddit.com/")
>>> response.xpath('//title/text()').get()
'reddit: the front page of the internet'
>>> request = request.replace(method="POST")
>>> fetch(request)
>>> response.status
404
>>> from pprint import pprint
>>> pprint(response.headers)
{'Accept-Ranges': ['bytes'],
'Cache-Control': ['max-age=0, must-revalidate'],
'Content-Type': ['text/html; charset=UTF-8'],
'Date': ['Thu, 08 Dec 2016 16:21:19 GMT'],
'Server': ['snooserv'],
'Set-Cookie': ['loid=KqNLou0V9SKMX4qb4n; Domain=reddit.com; Max-Age=63071999; Path=/; expires=Sat, 08-Dec-2018 16:21:19 GMT; secure',
'loidcreated=2016-12-08T16%3A21%3A19.445Z; Domain=reddit.com; Max-Age=63071999; Path=/; expires=Sat, 08-Dec-2018 16:21:19 GMT; secure',
'loid=vi0ZVe4NkxNWdlH7r7; Domain=reddit.com; Max-Age=63071999; Path=/; expires=Sat, 08-Dec-2018 16:21:19 GMT; secure',
'loidcreated=2016-12-08T16%3A21%3A19.459Z; Domain=reddit.com; Max-Age=63071999; Path=/; expires=Sat, 08-Dec-2018 16:21:19 GMT; secure'],
'Vary': ['accept-encoding'],
'Via': ['1.1 varnish'],
'X-Cache': ['MISS'],
'X-Cache-Hits': ['0'],
'X-Content-Type-Options': ['nosniff'],
'X-Frame-Options': ['SAMEORIGIN'],
'X-Moose': ['majestic'],
'X-Served-By': ['cache-cdg8730-CDG'],
'X-Timer': ['S1481214079.394283,VS0,VE159'],
'X-Ua-Compatible': ['IE=edge'],
'X-Xss-Protection': ['1; mode=block']} |
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