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strings 和 stripped_strings

如果tag中包含多个字符串 [2] ,可以使用 .strings 来循环获取:

for string in soup.strings:
    print(repr(string))
    # u"The Dormouse's story"
    # u'\n\n'
    # u"The Dormouse's story"
    # u'\n\n'
    # u'Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were\n'
    # u'Elsie'
    # u',\n'
    # u'Lacie'
    # u' and\n'
    # u'Tillie'
    # u';\nand they lived at the bottom of a well.'
    # u'\n\n'
    # u'...'
    # u'\n'

输出的字符串中可能包含了很多空格或空行,使用 .stripped_strings 可以去除多余空白内容:

for string in soup.stripped_strings:
    print(repr(string))
    # u"The Dormouse's story"
    # u"The Dormouse's story"
    # u'Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were'
    # u'Elsie'
    # u','
    # u'Lacie'
    # u'and'
    # u'Tillie'
    # u';\nand they lived at the bottom of a well.'
    # u'...'

全部是空格的行会被忽略掉,段首和段末的空白会被删除

父节点

继续分析文档树,每个tag或字符串都有父节点:被包含在某个tag中

.parent

通过 .parent 属性来获取某个元素的父节点.在例子“爱丽丝”的文档中,<head>标签是<title>标签的父节点:

title_tag = soup.title
title_tag
# <title>The Dormouse's story</title>
title_tag.parent
# <head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>

文档title的字符串也有父节点:<title>标签

title_tag.string.parent
# <title>The Dormouse's story</title>

文档的顶层节点比如<html>的父节点是 BeautifulSoup 对象:

html_tag = soup.html
type(html_tag.parent)
# <class 'bs4.BeautifulSoup'>

BeautifulSoup 对象的 .parent 是None:

print(soup.parent)
# None

.parents

通过元素的 .parents 属性可以递归得到元素的所有父辈节点,下面的例子使用了 .parents 方法遍历了<a>标签到根节点的所有节点.

link = soup.a
link
# <a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">Elsie</a>
for parent in link.parents:
    if parent is None:
        print(parent)
    else:
        print(parent.name)
# p
# body
# html
# [document]
# None

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